json-iterator/feature_reflect.go

package jsoniter

import (
	"reflect"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"unsafe"
	"sync/atomic"
	"strings"
	"io"
	"strconv"
)

/*
Reflection on type to create decoders, which is then cached
Reflection on value is avoided as we can, as the reflect.Value itself will allocate, with following exceptions
1. create instance of new value, for example *int will need a int to be allocated
2. append to slice, if the existing cap is not enough, allocate will be done using Reflect.New
3. assignment to map, both key and value will be reflect.Value
For a simple struct binding, it will be reflect.Value free and allocation free
 */

type Decoder interface {
	decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator)
}

type stringDecoder struct {
}

func (decoder *stringDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*string)(ptr)) = iter.ReadString()
}

type intDecoder struct {
}

func (decoder *intDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*int)(ptr)) = iter.ReadInt()
}

type int8Decoder struct {
}

func (decoder *int8Decoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*int8)(ptr)) = iter.ReadInt8()
}

type int16Decoder struct {
}

func (decoder *int16Decoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*int16)(ptr)) = iter.ReadInt16()
}

type int32Decoder struct {
}

func (decoder *int32Decoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*int32)(ptr)) = iter.ReadInt32()
}

type int64Decoder struct {
}

func (decoder *int64Decoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*int64)(ptr)) = iter.ReadInt64()
}

type uintDecoder struct {
}

func (decoder *uintDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*uint)(ptr)) = iter.ReadUint()
}

type uint8Decoder struct {
}

func (decoder *uint8Decoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*uint8)(ptr)) = iter.ReadUint8()
}

type uint16Decoder struct {
}

func (decoder *uint16Decoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*uint16)(ptr)) = iter.ReadUint16()
}

type uint32Decoder struct {
}

func (decoder *uint32Decoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*uint32)(ptr)) = iter.ReadUint32()
}

type uint64Decoder struct {
}

func (decoder *uint64Decoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*uint64)(ptr)) = iter.ReadUint64()
}

type float32Decoder struct {
}

func (decoder *float32Decoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*float32)(ptr)) = iter.ReadFloat32()
}

type float64Decoder struct {
}

func (decoder *float64Decoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*float64)(ptr)) = iter.ReadFloat64()
}

type boolDecoder struct {
}

func (decoder *boolDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*bool)(ptr)) = iter.ReadBool()
}

type interfaceDecoder struct {
}

func (decoder *interfaceDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*interface{})(ptr)) = iter.ReadAny().Get()
}


type anyDecoder struct {
}

func (decoder *anyDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	*((*Any)(ptr)) = *iter.ReadAny()
}

type stringNumberDecoder struct {
	elemDecoder Decoder
}

func (decoder *stringNumberDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	c := iter.nextToken()
	if c != '"' {
		iter.ReportError("stringNumberDecoder", `expect "`)
		return
	}
	decoder.elemDecoder.decode(ptr, iter)
	if iter.Error != nil {
		return
	}
	c = iter.readByte()
	if c != '"' {
		iter.ReportError("stringNumberDecoder", `expect "`)
		return
	}
}

type optionalDecoder struct {
	valueType    reflect.Type
	valueDecoder Decoder
}

func (decoder *optionalDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	if iter.ReadNull() {
		*((*unsafe.Pointer)(ptr)) = nil
	} else {
		if *((*unsafe.Pointer)(ptr)) == nil {
			// pointer to null, we have to allocate memory to hold the value
			value := reflect.New(decoder.valueType)
			decoder.valueDecoder.decode(unsafe.Pointer(value.Pointer()), iter)
			*((*uintptr)(ptr)) = value.Pointer()
		} else {
			// reuse existing instance
			decoder.valueDecoder.decode(*((*unsafe.Pointer)(ptr)), iter)
		}
	}
}

type generalStructDecoder struct {
	type_  reflect.Type
	fields map[string]*structFieldDecoder
}

func (decoder *generalStructDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	for field := iter.ReadObject(); field != ""; field = iter.ReadObject() {
		fieldDecoder := decoder.fields[field]
		if fieldDecoder == nil {
			iter.Skip()
		} else {
			fieldDecoder.decode(ptr, iter)
		}
	}
	if iter.Error != nil && iter.Error != io.EOF {
		iter.Error = fmt.Errorf("%v: %s", decoder.type_, iter.Error.Error())
	}
}

type skipDecoder struct {
	type_ reflect.Type
}

func (decoder *skipDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	iter.Skip()
	if iter.Error != nil && iter.Error != io.EOF {
		iter.Error = fmt.Errorf("%v: %s", decoder.type_, iter.Error.Error())
	}
}

type oneFieldStructDecoder struct {
	type_        reflect.Type
	fieldName    string
	fieldDecoder *structFieldDecoder
}

func (decoder *oneFieldStructDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	for field := iter.ReadObject(); field != ""; field = iter.ReadObject() {
		if field == decoder.fieldName {
			decoder.fieldDecoder.decode(ptr, iter)
		} else {
			iter.Skip()
		}
	}
	if iter.Error != nil && iter.Error != io.EOF {
		iter.Error = fmt.Errorf("%v: %s", decoder.type_, iter.Error.Error())
	}
}

type twoFieldsStructDecoder struct {
	type_         reflect.Type
	fieldName1    string
	fieldDecoder1 *structFieldDecoder
	fieldName2    string
	fieldDecoder2 *structFieldDecoder
}

func (decoder *twoFieldsStructDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	for field := iter.ReadObject(); field != ""; field = iter.ReadObject() {
		switch field {
		case decoder.fieldName1:
			decoder.fieldDecoder1.decode(ptr, iter)
		case decoder.fieldName2:
			decoder.fieldDecoder2.decode(ptr, iter)
		default:
			iter.Skip()
		}
	}
	if iter.Error != nil && iter.Error != io.EOF {
		iter.Error = fmt.Errorf("%v: %s", decoder.type_, iter.Error.Error())
	}
}

type threeFieldsStructDecoder struct {
	type_         reflect.Type
	fieldName1    string
	fieldDecoder1 *structFieldDecoder
	fieldName2    string
	fieldDecoder2 *structFieldDecoder
	fieldName3    string
	fieldDecoder3 *structFieldDecoder
}

func (decoder *threeFieldsStructDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	for field := iter.ReadObject(); field != ""; field = iter.ReadObject() {
		switch field {
		case decoder.fieldName1:
			decoder.fieldDecoder1.decode(ptr, iter)
		case decoder.fieldName2:
			decoder.fieldDecoder2.decode(ptr, iter)
		case decoder.fieldName3:
			decoder.fieldDecoder3.decode(ptr, iter)
		default:
			iter.Skip()
		}
	}
	if iter.Error != nil && iter.Error != io.EOF {
		iter.Error = fmt.Errorf("%v: %s", decoder.type_, iter.Error.Error())
	}
}

type fourFieldsStructDecoder struct {
	type_         reflect.Type
	fieldName1    string
	fieldDecoder1 *structFieldDecoder
	fieldName2    string
	fieldDecoder2 *structFieldDecoder
	fieldName3    string
	fieldDecoder3 *structFieldDecoder
	fieldName4    string
	fieldDecoder4 *structFieldDecoder
}

func (decoder *fourFieldsStructDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	if !iter.readObjectStart() {
		return
	}
	field := iter.readObjectField()
	switch field {
	case decoder.fieldName1:
		decoder.fieldDecoder1.decode(ptr, iter)
	case decoder.fieldName2:
		decoder.fieldDecoder2.decode(ptr, iter)
	case decoder.fieldName3:
		decoder.fieldDecoder3.decode(ptr, iter)
	case decoder.fieldName4:
		decoder.fieldDecoder4.decode(ptr, iter)
	default:
		iter.Skip()
	}
	for iter.nextToken() != ',' {
		field := iter.readObjectField()
		switch field {
		case decoder.fieldName1:
			decoder.fieldDecoder1.decode(ptr, iter)
		case decoder.fieldName2:
			decoder.fieldDecoder2.decode(ptr, iter)
		case decoder.fieldName3:
			decoder.fieldDecoder3.decode(ptr, iter)
		case decoder.fieldName4:
			decoder.fieldDecoder4.decode(ptr, iter)
		default:
			iter.Skip()
		}
	}
	if iter.Error != nil && iter.Error != io.EOF {
		iter.Error = fmt.Errorf("%v: %s", decoder.type_, iter.Error.Error())
	}
}

type structFieldDecoder struct {
	field        *reflect.StructField
	fieldDecoder Decoder
}

func (decoder *structFieldDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	fieldPtr := uintptr(ptr) + decoder.field.Offset
	decoder.fieldDecoder.decode(unsafe.Pointer(fieldPtr), iter)
	if iter.Error != nil && iter.Error != io.EOF {
		iter.Error = fmt.Errorf("%s: %s", decoder.field.Name, iter.Error.Error())
	}
}

type mapDecoder struct {
	mapType  reflect.Type
	elemType  reflect.Type
	elemDecoder Decoder
	mapInterface emptyInterface
}

func (decoder *mapDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	// dark magic to cast unsafe.Pointer back to interface{} using reflect.Type
	mapInterface := decoder.mapInterface
	mapInterface.word = ptr
	realInterface := (*interface{})(unsafe.Pointer(&mapInterface))
	realVal := reflect.ValueOf(*realInterface).Elem()

	for field := iter.ReadObject(); field != ""; field = iter.ReadObject() {
		elem := reflect.New(decoder.elemType)
		decoder.elemDecoder.decode(unsafe.Pointer(elem.Pointer()), iter)
		// to put into map, we have to use reflection
		realVal.SetMapIndex(reflect.ValueOf(string([]byte(field))), elem.Elem())
	}
}

type sliceDecoder struct {
	sliceType   reflect.Type
	elemType    reflect.Type
	elemDecoder Decoder
}

// sliceHeader is a safe version of SliceHeader used within this package.
type sliceHeader struct {
	Data unsafe.Pointer
	Len  int
	Cap  int
}

func (decoder *sliceDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	decoder.doDecode(ptr, iter)
	if iter.Error != nil && iter.Error != io.EOF {
		iter.Error = fmt.Errorf("%v: %s", decoder.sliceType, iter.Error.Error())
	}
}

func (decoder *sliceDecoder) doDecode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	slice := (*sliceHeader)(ptr)
	reuseSlice(slice, decoder.sliceType, 4)
	if !iter.ReadArray() {
		return
	}
	offset := uintptr(0)
	decoder.elemDecoder.decode(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(slice.Data) + offset), iter)
	if !iter.ReadArray() {
		slice.Len = 1
		return
	}
	offset += decoder.elemType.Size()
	decoder.elemDecoder.decode(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(slice.Data) + offset), iter)
	if !iter.ReadArray() {
		slice.Len = 2
		return
	}
	offset += decoder.elemType.Size()
	decoder.elemDecoder.decode(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(slice.Data) + offset), iter)
	if !iter.ReadArray() {
		slice.Len = 3
		return
	}
	offset += decoder.elemType.Size()
	decoder.elemDecoder.decode(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(slice.Data) + offset), iter)
	slice.Len = 4
	for iter.ReadArray() {
		growOne(slice, decoder.sliceType, decoder.elemType)
		offset += decoder.elemType.Size()
		decoder.elemDecoder.decode(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(slice.Data) + offset), iter)
	}
}

// grow grows the slice s so that it can hold extra more values, allocating
// more capacity if needed. It also returns the old and new slice lengths.
func growOne(slice *sliceHeader, sliceType reflect.Type, elementType reflect.Type) {
	newLen := slice.Len + 1
	if newLen <= slice.Cap {
		slice.Len = newLen
		return
	}
	newCap := slice.Cap
	if newCap == 0 {
		newCap = 1
	} else {
		for newCap < newLen {
			if slice.Len < 1024 {
				newCap += newCap
			} else {
				newCap += newCap / 4
			}
		}
	}
	dst := unsafe.Pointer(reflect.MakeSlice(sliceType, newLen, newCap).Pointer())
	// copy old array into new array
	originalBytesCount := uintptr(slice.Len) * elementType.Size()
	srcPtr := (*[1 << 30]byte)(slice.Data)
	dstPtr := (*[1 << 30]byte)(dst)
	for i := uintptr(0); i < originalBytesCount; i++ {
		dstPtr[i] = srcPtr[i]
	}
	slice.Len = newLen
	slice.Cap = newCap
	slice.Data = dst
}

func reuseSlice(slice *sliceHeader, sliceType reflect.Type, expectedCap int) {
	if expectedCap <= slice.Cap {
		return
	}
	dst := unsafe.Pointer(reflect.MakeSlice(sliceType, 0, expectedCap).Pointer())
	slice.Cap = expectedCap
	slice.Data = dst
}

var DECODERS unsafe.Pointer

func addDecoderToCache(cacheKey reflect.Type, decoder Decoder) {
	retry := true
	for retry {
		ptr := atomic.LoadPointer(&DECODERS)
		cache := *(*map[reflect.Type]Decoder)(ptr)
		copy := map[reflect.Type]Decoder{}
		for k, v := range cache {
			copy[k] = v
		}
		copy[cacheKey] = decoder
		retry = !atomic.CompareAndSwapPointer(&DECODERS, ptr, unsafe.Pointer(&copy))
	}
}

func getDecoderFromCache(cacheKey reflect.Type) Decoder {
	ptr := atomic.LoadPointer(&DECODERS)
	cache := *(*map[reflect.Type]Decoder)(ptr)
	return cache[cacheKey]
}

var typeDecoders map[string]Decoder
var fieldDecoders map[string]Decoder
var extensions []ExtensionFunc

func init() {
	typeDecoders = map[string]Decoder{}
	fieldDecoders = map[string]Decoder{}
	extensions = []ExtensionFunc{}
	atomic.StorePointer(&DECODERS, unsafe.Pointer(&map[string]Decoder{}))
}

type DecoderFunc func(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator)
type ExtensionFunc func(type_ reflect.Type, field *reflect.StructField) ([]string, DecoderFunc)

type funcDecoder struct {
	func_ DecoderFunc
}

func (decoder *funcDecoder) decode(ptr unsafe.Pointer, iter *Iterator) {
	decoder.func_(ptr, iter)
}

func RegisterTypeDecoder(type_ string, func_ DecoderFunc) {
	typeDecoders[type_] = &funcDecoder{func_}
}

func RegisterFieldDecoder(type_ string, field string, func_ DecoderFunc) {
	fieldDecoders[fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", type_, field)] = &funcDecoder{func_}
}

func RegisterExtension(extension ExtensionFunc) {
	extensions = append(extensions, extension)
}

func ClearDecoders() {
	typeDecoders = map[string]Decoder{}
	fieldDecoders = map[string]Decoder{}
}

// emptyInterface is the header for an interface{} value.
type emptyInterface struct {
	typ  *struct{}
	word unsafe.Pointer
}

func (iter *Iterator) ReadAny() (ret *Any) {
	valueType := iter.WhatIsNext()
	switch valueType {
	case String:
		return MakeAny(iter.ReadString())
	case Number:
		return iter.readNumber()
	case Null:
		return MakeAny(nil)
	case Bool:
		return MakeAny(iter.ReadBool())
	case Array:
		val := []interface{}{}
		for (iter.ReadArray()) {
			element := iter.ReadAny()
			if iter.Error != nil {
				return
			}
			val = append(val, element.val)
		}
		return MakeAny(val)
	case Object:
		val := map[string]interface{}{}
		for field := iter.ReadObject(); field != ""; field = iter.ReadObject() {
			element := iter.ReadAny()
			if iter.Error != nil {
				return
			}
			val[string([]byte(field))] = element.val
		}
		return MakeAny(val)
	default:
		iter.ReportError("ReadAny", fmt.Sprintf("unexpected value type: %v", valueType))
		return MakeAny(nil)
	}
}



func (iter *Iterator) readNumber() (ret *Any) {
	strBuf := [8]byte{}
	str := strBuf[0:0]
	hasMore := true
	foundFloat := false
	foundNegative := false
	for(hasMore) {
		for i := iter.head; i < iter.tail; i++ {
			c := iter.buf[i]
			switch c {
			case '-':
				foundNegative = true
				str = append(str, c)
				continue
			case '+', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9':
				str = append(str, c)
				continue
			case '.', 'e', 'E':
				foundFloat = true
				str = append(str, c)
				continue
			default:
				iter.head = i
				hasMore = false
				break
			}
			if !hasMore {
				break
			}
		}
		if hasMore {
			if !iter.loadMore() {
				break
			}
		}
	}
	if iter.Error != nil && iter.Error != io.EOF {
		return
	}
	number := *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&str))
	if foundFloat {
		val, err := strconv.ParseFloat(number, 64)
		if err != nil {
			iter.Error = err
			return
		}
		return MakeAny(val)
	}
	if foundNegative {
		val, err := strconv.ParseInt(number, 10, 64)
		if err != nil {
			iter.Error = err
			return
		}
		return MakeAny(val)
	}
	val, err := strconv.ParseUint(number, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		iter.Error = err
		return
	}
	return MakeAny(val)
}

func (iter *Iterator) Read(obj interface{}) {
	type_ := reflect.TypeOf(obj)
	cacheKey := type_.Elem()
	cachedDecoder := getDecoderFromCache(cacheKey)
	if cachedDecoder == nil {
		decoder, err := decoderOfType(type_)
		if err != nil {
			iter.Error = err
			return
		}
		cachedDecoder = decoder
		addDecoderToCache(cacheKey, decoder)
	}
	e := (*emptyInterface)(unsafe.Pointer(&obj))
	cachedDecoder.decode(e.word, iter)
}

type prefix string

func (p prefix) addTo(decoder Decoder, err error) (Decoder, error) {
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s: %s", p, err.Error())
	}
	return decoder, err
}

func decoderOfType(type_ reflect.Type) (Decoder, error) {
	switch type_.Kind() {
	case reflect.Ptr:
		return prefix("ptr").addTo(decoderOfPtr(type_.Elem()))
	default:
		return nil, errors.New("expect ptr")
	}
}

func decoderOfPtr(type_ reflect.Type) (Decoder, error) {
	typeName := type_.String()
	if typeName == "jsoniter.Any" {
		return &anyDecoder{}, nil
	}
	typeDecoder := typeDecoders[typeName]
	if typeDecoder != nil {
		return typeDecoder, nil
	}
	switch type_.Kind() {
	case reflect.String:
		return &stringDecoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Int:
		return &intDecoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Int8:
		return &int8Decoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Int16:
		return &int16Decoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Int32:
		return &int32Decoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Int64:
		return &int64Decoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Uint:
		return &uintDecoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Uint8:
		return &uint8Decoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Uint16:
		return &uint16Decoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Uint32:
		return &uint32Decoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Uint64:
		return &uint64Decoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Float32:
		return &float32Decoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Float64:
		return &float64Decoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Bool:
		return &boolDecoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Interface:
		return &interfaceDecoder{}, nil
	case reflect.Struct:
		return decoderOfStruct(type_)
	case reflect.Slice:
		return prefix("[slice]").addTo(decoderOfSlice(type_))
	case reflect.Map:
		return prefix("[map]").addTo(decoderOfMap(type_))
	case reflect.Ptr:
		return prefix("[optional]").addTo(decoderOfOptional(type_.Elem()))
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported type: %v", type_)
	}
}

func decoderOfOptional(type_ reflect.Type) (Decoder, error) {
	decoder, err := decoderOfPtr(type_)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &optionalDecoder{type_, decoder}, nil
}

func decoderOfStruct(type_ reflect.Type) (Decoder, error) {
	fields := map[string]*structFieldDecoder{}
	for i := 0; i < type_.NumField(); i++ {
		field := type_.Field(i)
		fieldDecoderKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", type_.String(), field.Name)
		var fieldNames []string
		for _, extension := range extensions {
			alternativeFieldNames, func_ := extension(type_, &field)
			if alternativeFieldNames != nil {
				fieldNames = alternativeFieldNames
			}
			if func_ != nil {
				fieldDecoders[fieldDecoderKey] = &funcDecoder{func_}
			}
		}
		decoder := fieldDecoders[fieldDecoderKey]
		tagParts := strings.Split(field.Tag.Get("json"), ",")
		// if fieldNames set by extension, use theirs, otherwise try tags
		if fieldNames == nil {
			/// tagParts[0] always present, even if no tags
			switch tagParts[0] {
			case "":
				fieldNames = []string{field.Name}
			case "-":
				fieldNames = []string{}
			default:
				fieldNames = []string{tagParts[0]}
			}
		}
		if decoder == nil {
			var err error
			decoder, err = decoderOfPtr(field.Type)
			if err != nil {
				return prefix(fmt.Sprintf("{%s}", field.Name)).addTo(decoder, err)
			}
		}
		if len(tagParts) > 1 && tagParts[1] == "string" {
			decoder = &stringNumberDecoder{decoder}
		}
		for _, fieldName := range fieldNames {
			fields[fieldName] = &structFieldDecoder{&field, decoder}
		}
	}
	switch len(fields) {
	case 0:
		return &skipDecoder{type_}, nil
	case 1:
		for fieldName, fieldDecoder := range fields {
			return &oneFieldStructDecoder{type_, fieldName, fieldDecoder}, nil
		}
	case 2:
		var fieldName1 string
		var fieldName2 string
		var fieldDecoder1 *structFieldDecoder
		var fieldDecoder2 *structFieldDecoder
		for fieldName, fieldDecoder := range fields {
			if fieldName1 == "" {
				fieldName1 = fieldName
				fieldDecoder1 = fieldDecoder
			} else {
				fieldName2 = fieldName
				fieldDecoder2 = fieldDecoder
			}
		}
		return &twoFieldsStructDecoder{type_, fieldName1, fieldDecoder1, fieldName2, fieldDecoder2}, nil
	case 3:
		var fieldName1 string
		var fieldName2 string
		var fieldName3 string
		var fieldDecoder1 *structFieldDecoder
		var fieldDecoder2 *structFieldDecoder
		var fieldDecoder3 *structFieldDecoder
		for fieldName, fieldDecoder := range fields {
			if fieldName1 == "" {
				fieldName1 = fieldName
				fieldDecoder1 = fieldDecoder
			} else if fieldName2 == "" {
				fieldName2 = fieldName
				fieldDecoder2 = fieldDecoder
			} else {
				fieldName3 = fieldName
				fieldDecoder3 = fieldDecoder
			}
		}
		return &threeFieldsStructDecoder{type_,
			fieldName1, fieldDecoder1, fieldName2, fieldDecoder2, fieldName3, fieldDecoder3}, nil
	case 4:
		var fieldName1 string
		var fieldName2 string
		var fieldName3 string
		var fieldName4 string
		var fieldDecoder1 *structFieldDecoder
		var fieldDecoder2 *structFieldDecoder
		var fieldDecoder3 *structFieldDecoder
		var fieldDecoder4 *structFieldDecoder
		for fieldName, fieldDecoder := range fields {
			if fieldName1 == "" {
				fieldName1 = fieldName
				fieldDecoder1 = fieldDecoder
			} else if fieldName2 == "" {
				fieldName2 = fieldName
				fieldDecoder2 = fieldDecoder
			} else if fieldName3 == "" {
				fieldName3 = fieldName
				fieldDecoder3 = fieldDecoder
			} else {
				fieldName4 = fieldName
				fieldDecoder4 = fieldDecoder
			}
		}
		return &fourFieldsStructDecoder{type_,
			fieldName1, fieldDecoder1, fieldName2, fieldDecoder2, fieldName3, fieldDecoder3,
			fieldName4, fieldDecoder4}, nil
	}
	return &generalStructDecoder{type_, fields}, nil
}

func decoderOfSlice(type_ reflect.Type) (Decoder, error) {
	decoder, err := decoderOfPtr(type_.Elem())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &sliceDecoder{type_, type_.Elem(), decoder}, nil
}

func decoderOfMap(type_ reflect.Type) (Decoder, error) {
	decoder, err := decoderOfPtr(type_.Elem())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	mapInterface := reflect.New(type_).Interface()
	return &mapDecoder{type_, type_.Elem(), decoder, *((*emptyInterface)(unsafe.Pointer(&mapInterface)))}, nil
}