Merge pull request #2 from msoedov/tests

Updated tests

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Godeps/*
+!Godeps/Godeps.json

.travis.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 language: go
 
 go:
-  - 1.1
-  - 1.2
   - 1.3
   - tip

AUTHORS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+List of all the awesome people working to make Gin the best Web Framework in Go!
+
+
+
+##gin 0.x series authors
+
+**Lead Developer:**  Manu Martinez-Almeida (@manucorporat)  
+**Stuff:**
+Javier Provecho (@javierprovecho)
+
+People and companies, who have contributed, in alphabetical order.
+
+**@adammck (Adam Mckaig)**
+- Add MIT license
+
+
+**@AlexanderChen1989 (Alexander)**
+- Typos in README
+
+
+**@alexandernyquist (Alexander Nyquist)**
+- Using template.Must to fix multiple return issue
+- ★ Added support for OPTIONS verb
+- ★ Setting response headers before calling WriteHeader
+
+
+**@austinheap (Austin Heap)**
+- Adds travis CI integration
+
+
+**@bluele (Jun Kimura)**
+- Fixes code examples in README
+
+
+**@chad-russell**
+- ★ Support for serializing gin.H into XML
+
+
+**@dickeyxxx (Jeff Dickey)**
+- Typos in README
+
+
+**@fmd (Fareed Dudhia)**
+- Fix typo. SetHTTPTemplate -> SetHTMLTemplate
+
+
+**@jasonrhansen**
+- Fix spelling and grammar errors in documentation
+
+
+**@julienschmidt (Julien Schmidt)**
+- gofmt the code examples
+
+
+**@kyledinh (Kyle Dinh)**
+- Adds RunTLS()
+
+
+**@LinusU (Linus Unnebäck)**
+- Small fixes in README
+
+
+**@lucas-clemente (Lucas Clemente)**
+- ★ work around path.Join removing trailing slashes from routes
+
+
+**@mdigger (Dmitry Sedykh)**
+- Fixes Form binding when content-type is x-www-form-urlencoded
+- No repeat call c.Writer.Status() in gin.Logger
+- Fixed Content-Type for json render
+
+
+**@mopemope (Yutaka Matsubara)**
+- ★ Adds Godep support (Dependencies Manager)
+- Fix variadic parameter in the flexible render API
+- Fix Corrupted plain render
+- Fix variadic parameter in new flexible render API
+
+
+**@msemenistyi (Mykyta Semenistyi)**
+- update Readme.md. Add code to String method
+
+
+**@ngerakines (Nick Gerakines)**
+- ★ Improves API, c.GET() doesn't panic
+- Adds MustGet() method
+
+
+**@r8k (Rajiv Kilaparti)**
+- Fix Port usage in README.
+
+
+**@silasb (Silas Baronda)**
+- Fixing quotes in README
+
+
+**@SkuliOskarsson (Skuli Oskarsson)**
+- Fixes some texts in README II

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+##Changelog
+
+###Gin 0.4 (??)
+
+
+###Gin 0.3 (Jul 18, 2014)
+
+- [PERFORMANCE] Normal log and error log are printed in the same call.
+- [PERFORMANCE] Improve performance of NoRouter()
+- [PERFORMANCE] Improve context's memory locality, reduce CPU cache faults.
+- [NEW] Flexible rendering API
+- [NEW] Add Context.File()
+- [NEW] Add shorcut RunTLS() for http.ListenAndServeTLS
+- [FIX] Rename NotFound404() to NoRoute()
+- [FIX] Errors in context are purged
+- [FIX] Adds HEAD method in Static file serving
+- [FIX] Refactors Static() file serving
+- [FIX] Using keyed initialization to fix app-engine integration
+- [FIX] Can't unmarshal JSON array, #63
+- [FIX] Renaming Context.Req to Context.Request
+- [FIX] Check application/x-www-form-urlencoded when parsing form
+
+
+###Gin 0.2b (Jul 08, 2014)
+- [PERFORMANCE] Using sync.Pool to allocatio/gc overhead
+- [NEW] Travis CI integration
+- [NEW] Completely new logger
+- [NEW] New API for serving static files. gin.Static()
+- [NEW] gin.H() can be serialized into XML
+- [NEW] Typed errors. Errors can be typed. Internet/external/custom.
+- [NEW] Support for Godebs
+- [NEW] Travis/Godocs badges in README
+- [NEW] New Bind() and BindWith() methods for parsing request body.
+- [NEW] Add Content.Copy()
+- [NEW] Add context.LastError()
+- [NEW] Add shorcut for OPTIONS HTTP method
+- [FIX] Tons of README fixes
+- [FIX] Header is written before body
+- [FIX] BasicAuth() and changes API a little bit
+- [FIX] Recovery() middleware only prints panics
+- [FIX] Context.Get() does not panic anymore. Use MustGet() instead.
+- [FIX] Multiple http.WriteHeader() in NotFound handlers
+- [FIX] Engine.Run() panics if http server can't be setted up
+- [FIX] Crash when route path doesn't start with '/'
+- [FIX] Do not update header when status code is negative
+- [FIX] Setting response headers before calling WriteHeader in context.String()
+- [FIX] Add MIT license
+- [FIX] Changes behaviour of ErrorLogger() and Logger()

Godeps/Godeps.json

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+	"ImportPath": "github.com/gin-gonic/gin",
+	"GoVersion": "go1.3",
+	"Deps": [
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter",
+			"Rev": "7deadb6844d2c6ff1dfb812eaa439b87cdaedf20"
+		}
+	]
+}

README.md

@@ -11,17 +11,21 @@ Gin is a web framework written in Golang. It features a martini-like API with mu
 Yes, Gin is an internal project of [my](https://github.com/manucorporat) upcoming startup. We developed it and we are going to continue using and improve it.
 
 
-##Roadmap for v0.2
-- Performance improments, reduce allocation and garbage collection overhead
-- Fix bugs
-- Ask our designer for a cool logo
-- Add tons of unit tests and benchmarks
-- Improve logging system
-- Improve JSON/XML validation using bindings
-- Improve XML support
-- Improve documentation
-- Add more cool middlewares, for example redis catching (this also helps developers to understand the framework)
-- Continuous integration
+##Roadmap for v1.0
+- [x] Performance improments, reduce allocation and garbage collection overhead
+- [x] Fix bugs
+- [ ] Stable API
+- [ ] Ask our designer for a cool logo
+- [ ] Add tons of unit tests
+- [ ] Add internal benchmarks suite
+- [x] Improve logging system
+- [x] Improve JSON/XML validation using bindings
+- [x] Improve XML support
+- [x] Flexible rendering system
+- [ ] More powerful validation API
+- [ ] Improve documentation
+- [ ] Add more cool middlewares, for example redis caching (this also helps developers to understand the framework).
+- [x] Continuous integration
 
 
 
@@ -39,20 +43,33 @@ import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 ```
 
 
+##Community
+If you'd like to help out with the project, there's a mailing list and IRC channel where Gin discussions normally happen.
+
+* IRC
+ * [irc.freenode.net #getgin](irc://irc.freenode.net:6667/getgin)
+ * [Webchat](http://webchat.freenode.net?randomnick=1&channels=%23getgin)
+* Mailing List
+ * Subscribe: [getgin@librelist.org](mailto:getgin@librelist.org)
+ * [Archives](http://librelist.com/browser/getgin/)
+
+
 ##API Examples
 
 #### Create most basic PING/PONG HTTP endpoint
 ```go 
+package main
+
 import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 
 func main() {
-    r := gin.Default()
-    r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context){
-        c.String(200, "pong")
-    })
-    
-    // Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
-    r.Run(":8080")
+	r := gin.Default()
+	r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.String(200, "pong")
+	})
+
+	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
+	r.Run(":8080")
 }
 ```
 
@@ -60,19 +77,19 @@ func main() {
 
 ```go
 func main() {
-    // Creates a gin router + logger and recovery (crash-free) middlewares
-    r := gin.Default()
-    
-    r.GET("/someGet", getting)
-    r.POST("/somePost", posting)
-    r.PUT("/somePut", putting)
-    r.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
-    r.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
-    r.HEAD("/someHead", head)
-    r.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
+	// Creates a gin router + logger and recovery (crash-free) middlewares
+	r := gin.Default()
 
-    // Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
-    r.Run(":8080")
+	r.GET("/someGet", getting)
+	r.POST("/somePost", posting)
+	r.PUT("/somePut", putting)
+	r.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
+	r.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
+	r.HEAD("/someHead", head)
+	r.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
+
+	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
+	r.Run(":8080")
 }
 ```
 
@@ -80,23 +97,25 @@ func main() {
 
 ```go
 func main() {
-    r := gin.Default()
-    
-    r.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        name := c.Params.ByName("name")
-        message := "Hello "+name
-        c.String(200, message)
-    })
-
-    r.GET("/user/:name/:action", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        name := c.Params.ByName("name")
-        action := c.Params.ByName("action")
-        message := name + " is " + action
-        c.String(200, message)
-    })
+	r := gin.Default()
+	
+	// This handler will match /user/john but will not match neither /user/ or /user
+	r.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		name := c.Params.ByName("name")
+		message := "Hello "+name
+		c.String(200, message)
+	})
 
-    // Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
-    r.Run(":8080")
+	// However, this one will match /user/john and also /user/john/send
+	r.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		name := c.Params.ByName("name")
+		action := c.Params.ByName("action")
+		message := name + " is " + action
+		c.String(200, message)
+	})
+	
+	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
+	r.Run(":8080")
 }
 ```
 
@@ -104,26 +123,26 @@ func main() {
 #### Grouping routes
 ```go
 func main() {
-    r := gin.Default()
-    
-    // Simple group: v1
-    v1 := r.Group("/v1")
-    {
-        v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
-        v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
-        v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
-    }
-    
-    // Simple group: v2
-    v2 := r.Group("/v2")
-    {
-        v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
-        v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
-        v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
-    }
+	r := gin.Default()
 
-    // Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
-    r.Run(":8080")
+	// Simple group: v1
+	v1 := r.Group("/v1")
+	{
+		v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
+		v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
+		v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
+	}
+
+	// Simple group: v2
+	v2 := r.Group("/v2")
+	{
+		v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
+		v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
+		v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
+	}
+
+	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
+	r.Run(":8080")
 }
 ```
 
@@ -145,35 +164,35 @@ r := gin.Default()
 #### Using middlewares
 ```go
 func main() {
-    // Creates a router without any middleware by default
-    r := gin.New()
-    
-    // Global middlewares
-    r.Use(gin.Logger())
-    r.Use(gin.Recovery())
-    
-    // Per route middlewares, you can add as many as you desire.
-    r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
-
-    // Authorization group
-    // authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
-    // exactly the same than:
-    authorized := r.Group("/")
-    // per group middlewares! in this case we use the custom created
-    // AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
-    authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
-    {
-        authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
-        authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
-        authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
-        
-        // nested group
-        testing := authorized.Group("testing")
-        testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
-    }
-   
-    // Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
-    r.Run(":8080")
+	// Creates a router without any middleware by default
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	// Global middlewares
+	r.Use(gin.Logger())
+	r.Use(gin.Recovery())
+
+	// Per route middlewares, you can add as many as you desire.
+	r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
+
+	// Authorization group
+	// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
+	// exactly the same than:
+	authorized := r.Group("/")
+	// per group middlewares! in this case we use the custom created
+	// AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
+	authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
+	{
+		authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
+		authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
+		authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
+
+		// nested group
+		testing := authorized.Group("testing")
+		testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
+	}
+
+	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
+	r.Run(":8080")
 }
 ```
 
@@ -182,30 +201,30 @@ func main() {
 
 ```go
 type LoginJSON struct {
-    User     string `json:"user" binding:"required"`
-    Password string `json:"password" binding:"required"`
+	User     string `json:"user" binding:"required"`
+	Password string `json:"password" binding:"required"`
 }
 
 func main() {
-    r := gin.Default()
-    
-    r.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        var json LoginJSON
-        
-        // If EnsureBody returns false, it will write automatically the error
-        // in the HTTP stream and return a 400 error. If you want custom error 
-        // handling you should use: c.ParseBody(interface{}) error
-        if c.EnsureBody(&json) {
-            if json.User=="manu" && json.Password=="123" {
-                c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
-            }else{
-                c.JSON(401, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
-            }
-        }
-    })
+	r := gin.Default()
 
-    // Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
-    r.Run(":8080")
+	r.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		var json LoginJSON
+
+		// If EnsureBody returns false, it will write automatically the error
+		// in the HTTP stream and return a 400 error. If you want custom error
+		// handling you should use: c.ParseBody(interface{}) error
+		if c.EnsureBody(&json) {
+			if json.User == "manu" && json.Password == "123" {
+				c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
+			} else {
+				c.JSON(401, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
+	r.Run(":8080")
 }
 ```
 
@@ -213,34 +232,34 @@ func main() {
 
 ```go
 func main() {
-    r := gin.Default()
-    
-    // gin.H is a shortcup for map[string]interface{}
-    r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        c.JSON(200, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": 200})
-    })
-    
-    r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        // You also can use a struct
-        var msg struct {
-            Name string `json:"user"`
-            Message string
-            Number int
-        }
-        msg.Name = "Lena"
-        msg.Message = "hey"
-        msg.Number = 123
-        // Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
-        // Will output  :   {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
-        c.JSON(200, msg)
-    })
-    
-    r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        c.XML(200, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": 200})
-    })
+	r := gin.Default()
 
-    // Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
-    r.Run(":8080")
+	// gin.H is a shortcup for map[string]interface{}
+	r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.JSON(200, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": 200})
+	})
+
+	r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		// You also can use a struct
+		var msg struct {
+			Name    string `json:"user"`
+			Message string
+			Number  int
+		}
+		msg.Name = "Lena"
+		msg.Message = "hey"
+		msg.Number = 123
+		// Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
+		// Will output  :   {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
+		c.JSON(200, msg)
+	})
+
+	r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.XML(200, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": 200})
+	})
+
+	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
+	r.Run(":8080")
 }
 ```
 
@@ -251,15 +270,15 @@ Using LoadHTMLTemplates()
 
 ```go
 func main() {
-    r := gin.Default()
-    r.LoadHTMLTemplates("templates/*")
-    r.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
-        obj := gin.H{"title": "Main website"}
-        c.HTML(200, "index.tmpl", obj)
-    })
+	r := gin.Default()
+	r.LoadHTMLTemplates("templates/*")
+	r.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		obj := gin.H{"title": "Main website"}
+		c.HTML(200, "index.tmpl", obj)
+	})
 
-    // Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
-    r.Run(":8080")
+	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
+	r.Run(":8080")
 }
 ```
 
@@ -267,13 +286,14 @@ You can also use your own html template render
 
 ```go
 import "html/template"
+
 func main() {
-    r := gin.Default()
-    html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
-    r.HTMLTemplates = html
+	r := gin.Default()
+	html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
+	r.HTMLTemplates = html
 
-    // Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
-    r.Run(":8080")
+	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
+	r.Run(":8080")
 }
 ```
 
@@ -282,39 +302,39 @@ func main() {
 
 ```go
 func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
-    return func(c *gin.Context) {
-        t := time.Now()
-        
-        // Set example variable
-        c.Set("example", "12345")
-        
-        // before request
-        
-        c.Next()
-        
-        // after request
-        latency := time.Since(t)
-        log.Print(latency)
-
-        // access the status we are sending
-        status := c.Writer.Status()
-        log.Println(status)
-    }
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		t := time.Now()
+
+		// Set example variable
+		c.Set("example", "12345")
+
+		// before request
+
+		c.Next()
+
+		// after request
+		latency := time.Since(t)
+		log.Print(latency)
+
+		// access the status we are sending
+		status := c.Writer.Status()
+		log.Println(status)
+	}
 }
 
 func main() {
-    r := gin.New()
-    r.Use(Logger())
-    
-    r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context){
-        example := r.Get("example").(string)
-        
-        // it would print: "12345"
-        log.Println(example)
-    })
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(Logger())
 
-    // Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
-    r.Run(":8080")
+	r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
+
+		// it would print: "12345"
+		log.Println(example)
+	})
+
+	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
+	r.Run(":8080")
 }
 ```
 
@@ -396,23 +416,23 @@ Use `http.ListenAndServe()` directly, like this:
 
 ```go
 func main() {
-    router := gin.Default()
-    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
+	router := gin.Default()
+	http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
 }
 ```
 or
 
 ```go
 func main() {
-    router := gin.Default()
-
-    s := &http.Server{
-	    Addr:           ":8080",
-	    Handler:        router,
-	    ReadTimeout:    10 * time.Second,
-	    WriteTimeout:   10 * time.Second,
-	    MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
-    }
-    s.ListenAndServe()
+	router := gin.Default()
+
+	s := &http.Server{
+		Addr:           ":8080",
+		Handler:        router,
+		ReadTimeout:    10 * time.Second,
+		WriteTimeout:   10 * time.Second,
+		MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
+	}
+	s.ListenAndServe()
 }
 ```

auth.go

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func BasicAuth(accounts Accounts) HandlerFunc {
 	}
 	return func(c *Context) {
 		// Search user in the slice of allowed credentials
-		user := searchCredential(pairs, c.Req.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+		user := searchCredential(pairs, c.Request.Header.Get("Authorization"))
 		if len(user) == 0 {
 			// Credentials doesn't match, we return 401 Unauthorized and abort request.
 			c.Writer.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic realm=\"Authorization Required\"")

binding/binding.go

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+package binding
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/xml"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type (
+	Binding interface {
+		Bind(*http.Request, interface{}) error
+	}
+
+	// JSON binding
+	jsonBinding struct{}
+
+	// XML binding
+	xmlBinding struct{}
+
+	// // form binding
+	formBinding struct{}
+)
+
+var (
+	JSON = jsonBinding{}
+	XML  = xmlBinding{}
+	Form = formBinding{} // todo
+)
+
+func (_ jsonBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
+	decoder := json.NewDecoder(req.Body)
+	if err := decoder.Decode(obj); err == nil {
+		return Validate(obj)
+	} else {
+		return err
+	}
+}
+
+func (_ xmlBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
+	decoder := xml.NewDecoder(req.Body)
+	if err := decoder.Decode(obj); err == nil {
+		return Validate(obj)
+	} else {
+		return err
+	}
+}
+
+func (_ formBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
+	if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := mapForm(obj, req.Form); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return Validate(obj)
+}
+
+func mapForm(ptr interface{}, form map[string][]string) error {
+	typ := reflect.TypeOf(ptr).Elem()
+	formStruct := reflect.ValueOf(ptr).Elem()
+	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+		typeField := typ.Field(i)
+		if inputFieldName := typeField.Tag.Get("form"); inputFieldName != "" {
+			structField := formStruct.Field(i)
+			if !structField.CanSet() {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			inputValue, exists := form[inputFieldName]
+			if !exists {
+				continue
+			}
+			numElems := len(inputValue)
+			if structField.Kind() == reflect.Slice && numElems > 0 {
+				sliceOf := structField.Type().Elem().Kind()
+				slice := reflect.MakeSlice(structField.Type(), numElems, numElems)
+				for i := 0; i < numElems; i++ {
+					if err := setWithProperType(sliceOf, inputValue[i], slice.Index(i)); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+				}
+				formStruct.Elem().Field(i).Set(slice)
+			} else {
+				if err := setWithProperType(typeField.Type.Kind(), inputValue[0], structField); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func setWithProperType(valueKind reflect.Kind, val string, structField reflect.Value) error {
+	switch valueKind {
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		if val == "" {
+			val = "0"
+		}
+		intVal, err := strconv.Atoi(val)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		} else {
+			structField.SetInt(int64(intVal))
+		}
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		if val == "" {
+			val = "false"
+		}
+		boolVal, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		} else {
+			structField.SetBool(boolVal)
+		}
+	case reflect.Float32:
+		if val == "" {
+			val = "0.0"
+		}
+		floatVal, err := strconv.ParseFloat(val, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		} else {
+			structField.SetFloat(floatVal)
+		}
+	case reflect.Float64:
+		if val == "" {
+			val = "0.0"
+		}
+		floatVal, err := strconv.ParseFloat(val, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		} else {
+			structField.SetFloat(floatVal)
+		}
+	case reflect.String:
+		structField.SetString(val)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Don't pass in pointers to bind to. Can lead to bugs. See:
+// https://github.com/codegangsta/martini-contrib/issues/40
+// https://github.com/codegangsta/martini-contrib/pull/34#issuecomment-29683659
+func ensureNotPointer(obj interface{}) {
+	if reflect.TypeOf(obj).Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		panic("Pointers are not accepted as binding models")
+	}
+}
+
+func Validate(obj interface{}) error {
+	typ := reflect.TypeOf(obj)
+	val := reflect.ValueOf(obj)
+
+	if typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		typ = typ.Elem()
+		val = val.Elem()
+	}
+
+	switch typ.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+			field := typ.Field(i)
+
+			// Allow ignored fields in the struct
+			if field.Tag.Get("form") == "-" {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			fieldValue := val.Field(i).Interface()
+			zero := reflect.Zero(field.Type).Interface()
+
+			if strings.Index(field.Tag.Get("binding"), "required") > -1 {
+				fieldType := field.Type.Kind()
+				if fieldType == reflect.Struct {
+					err := Validate(fieldValue)
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+				} else if reflect.DeepEqual(zero, fieldValue) {
+					return errors.New("Required " + field.Name)
+				} else if fieldType == reflect.Slice && field.Type.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+					err := Validate(fieldValue)
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		for i := 0; i < val.Len(); i++ {
+			fieldValue := val.Index(i).Interface()
+			err := Validate(fieldValue)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+	return nil
+}

context.go

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+package gin
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/render"
+	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+const (
+	ErrorTypeInternal = 1 << iota
+	ErrorTypeExternal = 1 << iota
+	ErrorTypeAll      = 0xffffffff
+)
+
+// Used internally to collect errors that occurred during an http request.
+type errorMsg struct {
+	Err  string      `json:"error"`
+	Type uint32      `json:"-"`
+	Meta interface{} `json:"meta"`
+}
+
+type errorMsgs []errorMsg
+
+func (a errorMsgs) ByType(typ uint32) errorMsgs {
+	if len(a) == 0 {
+		return a
+	}
+	result := make(errorMsgs, 0, len(a))
+	for _, msg := range a {
+		if msg.Type&typ > 0 {
+			result = append(result, msg)
+		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func (a errorMsgs) String() string {
+	if len(a) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var buffer bytes.Buffer
+	for i, msg := range a {
+		text := fmt.Sprintf("Error #%02d: %s \n     Meta: %v\n", (i + 1), msg.Err, msg.Meta)
+		buffer.WriteString(text)
+	}
+	return buffer.String()
+}
+
+// Context is the most important part of gin. It allows us to pass variables between middleware,
+// manage the flow, validate the JSON of a request and render a JSON response for example.
+type Context struct {
+	writermem responseWriter
+	Request   *http.Request
+	Writer    ResponseWriter
+	Keys      map[string]interface{}
+	Errors    errorMsgs
+	Params    httprouter.Params
+	Engine    *Engine
+	handlers  []HandlerFunc
+	index     int8
+}
+
+/************************************/
+/********** ROUTES GROUPING *********/
+/************************************/
+
+func (engine *Engine) createContext(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params, handlers []HandlerFunc) *Context {
+	c := engine.cache.Get().(*Context)
+	c.writermem.reset(w)
+	c.Request = req
+	c.Params = params
+	c.handlers = handlers
+	c.Keys = nil
+	c.index = -1
+	c.Errors = c.Errors[0:0]
+	return c
+}
+
+/************************************/
+/****** FLOW AND ERROR MANAGEMENT****/
+/************************************/
+
+func (c *Context) Copy() *Context {
+	var cp Context = *c
+	cp.index = AbortIndex
+	cp.handlers = nil
+	return &cp
+}
+
+// Next should be used only in the middlewares.
+// It executes the pending handlers in the chain inside the calling handler.
+// See example in github.
+func (c *Context) Next() {
+	c.index++
+	s := int8(len(c.handlers))
+	for ; c.index < s; c.index++ {
+		c.handlers[c.index](c)
+	}
+}
+
+// Forces the system to do not continue calling the pending handlers.
+// For example, the first handler checks if the request is authorized. If it's not, context.Abort(401) should be called.
+// The rest of pending handlers would never be called for that request.
+func (c *Context) Abort(code int) {
+	if code >= 0 {
+		c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
+	}
+	c.index = AbortIndex
+}
+
+// Fail is the same as Abort plus an error message.
+// Calling `context.Fail(500, err)` is equivalent to:
+// ```
+// context.Error("Operation aborted", err)
+// context.Abort(500)
+// ```
+func (c *Context) Fail(code int, err error) {
+	c.Error(err, "Operation aborted")
+	c.Abort(code)
+}
+
+func (c *Context) ErrorTyped(err error, typ uint32, meta interface{}) {
+	c.Errors = append(c.Errors, errorMsg{
+		Err:  err.Error(),
+		Type: typ,
+		Meta: meta,
+	})
+}
+
+// Attaches an error to the current context. The error is pushed to a list of errors.
+// It's a good idea to call Error for each error that occurred during the resolution of a request.
+// A middleware can be used to collect all the errors and push them to a database together, print a log, or append it in the HTTP response.
+func (c *Context) Error(err error, meta interface{}) {
+	c.ErrorTyped(err, ErrorTypeExternal, meta)
+}
+
+func (c *Context) LastError() error {
+	s := len(c.Errors)
+	if s > 0 {
+		return errors.New(c.Errors[s-1].Err)
+	} else {
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+/************************************/
+/******** METADATA MANAGEMENT********/
+/************************************/
+
+// Sets a new pair key/value just for the specified context.
+// It also lazy initializes the hashmap.
+func (c *Context) Set(key string, item interface{}) {
+	if c.Keys == nil {
+		c.Keys = make(map[string]interface{})
+	}
+	c.Keys[key] = item
+}
+
+// Get returns the value for the given key or an error if the key does not exist.
+func (c *Context) Get(key string) (interface{}, error) {
+	if c.Keys != nil {
+		item, ok := c.Keys[key]
+		if ok {
+			return item, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, errors.New("Key does not exist.")
+}
+
+// MustGet returns the value for the given key or panics if the value doesn't exist.
+func (c *Context) MustGet(key string) interface{} {
+	value, err := c.Get(key)
+	if err != nil || value == nil {
+		log.Panicf("Key %s doesn't exist", key)
+	}
+	return value
+}
+
+/************************************/
+/******** ENCOGING MANAGEMENT********/
+/************************************/
+
+// This function checks the Content-Type to select a binding engine automatically,
+// Depending the "Content-Type" header different bindings are used:
+// "application/json" --> JSON binding
+// "application/xml"  --> XML binding
+// else --> returns an error
+// if Parses the request's body as JSON if Content-Type == "application/json"  using JSON or XML  as a JSON input. It decodes the json payload into the struct specified as a pointer.Like ParseBody() but this method also writes a 400 error if the json is not valid.
+func (c *Context) Bind(obj interface{}) bool {
+	var b binding.Binding
+	ctype := filterFlags(c.Request.Header.Get("Content-Type"))
+	switch {
+	case c.Request.Method == "GET" || ctype == MIMEPOSTForm:
+		b = binding.Form
+	case ctype == MIMEJSON:
+		b = binding.JSON
+	case ctype == MIMEXML || ctype == MIMEXML2:
+		b = binding.XML
+	default:
+		c.Fail(400, errors.New("unknown content-type: "+ctype))
+		return false
+	}
+	return c.BindWith(obj, b)
+}
+
+func (c *Context) BindWith(obj interface{}, b binding.Binding) bool {
+	if err := b.Bind(c.Request, obj); err != nil {
+		c.Fail(400, err)
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (c *Context) Render(code int, render render.Render, obj ...interface{}) {
+	if err := render.Render(c.Writer, code, obj...); err != nil {
+		c.ErrorTyped(err, ErrorTypeInternal, obj)
+		c.Abort(500)
+	}
+}
+
+// Serializes the given struct as JSON into the response body in a fast and efficient way.
+// It also sets the Content-Type as "application/json".
+func (c *Context) JSON(code int, obj interface{}) {
+	c.Render(code, render.JSON, obj)
+}
+
+// Serializes the given struct as XML into the response body in a fast and efficient way.
+// It also sets the Content-Type as "application/xml".
+func (c *Context) XML(code int, obj interface{}) {
+	c.Render(code, render.XML, obj)
+}
+
+// Renders the HTTP template specified by its file name.
+// It also updates the HTTP code and sets the Content-Type as "text/html".
+// See http://golang.org/doc/articles/wiki/
+func (c *Context) HTML(code int, name string, obj interface{}) {
+	c.Render(code, c.Engine.HTMLRender, name, obj)
+}
+
+// Writes the given string into the response body and sets the Content-Type to "text/plain".
+func (c *Context) String(code int, format string, values ...interface{}) {
+	c.Render(code, render.Plain, format, values)
+}
+
+// Writes some data into the body stream and updates the HTTP code.
+func (c *Context) Data(code int, contentType string, data []byte) {
+	if len(contentType) > 0 {
+		c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", contentType)
+	}
+	if code >= 0 {
+		c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
+	}
+	c.Writer.Write(data)
+}
+
+// Writes the specified file into the body stream
+func (c *Context) File(filepath string) {
+	http.ServeFile(c.Writer, c.Request, filepath)
+}

deprecated.go

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package gin
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+// DEPRECATED, use Bind() instead.
+// Like ParseBody() but this method also writes a 400 error if the json is not valid.
+func (c *Context) EnsureBody(item interface{}) bool {
+	return c.Bind(item)
+}
+
+// DEPRECATED use bindings directly
+// Parses the body content as a JSON input. It decodes the json payload into the struct specified as a pointer.
+func (c *Context) ParseBody(item interface{}) error {
+	return binding.JSON.Bind(c.Request, item)
+}
+
+// DEPRECATED use gin.Static() instead
+// ServeFiles serves files from the given file system root.
+// The path must end with "/*filepath", files are then served from the local
+// path /defined/root/dir/*filepath.
+// For example if root is "/etc" and *filepath is "passwd", the local file
+// "/etc/passwd" would be served.
+// Internally a http.FileServer is used, therefore http.NotFound is used instead
+// of the Router's NotFound handler.
+// To use the operating system's file system implementation,
+// use http.Dir:
+//     router.ServeFiles("/src/*filepath", http.Dir("/var/www"))
+func (engine *Engine) ServeFiles(path string, root http.FileSystem) {
+	engine.router.ServeFiles(path, root)
+}
+
+// DEPRECATED use gin.LoadHTMLGlob() or gin.LoadHTMLFiles() instead
+func (engine *Engine) LoadHTMLTemplates(pattern string) {
+	engine.LoadHTMLGlob(pattern)
+}
+
+// DEPRECATED. Use NotFound() instead
+func (engine *Engine) NotFound404(handlers ...HandlerFunc) {
+	engine.NoRoute(handlers...)
+}

examples/example_basic.go

@@ -38,13 +38,14 @@ func main() {
 	}))
 
 	authorized.POST("admin", func(c *gin.Context) {
-		user := c.Get(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
+		user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
 
 		// Parse JSON
 		var json struct {
 			Value string `json:"value" binding:"required"`
 		}
-		if c.EnsureBody(&json) {
+
+		if c.Bind(&json) {
 			DB[user] = json.Value
 			c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "ok"})
 		}

gin.go

@@ -1,54 +1,28 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"encoding/xml"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/render"
 	"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
 	"html/template"
-	"log"
 	"math"
 	"net/http"
 	"path"
+	"sync"
 )
 
 const (
-	AbortIndex = math.MaxInt8 / 2
+	AbortIndex   = math.MaxInt8 / 2
+	MIMEJSON     = "application/json"
+	MIMEHTML     = "text/html"
+	MIMEXML      = "application/xml"
+	MIMEXML2     = "text/xml"
+	MIMEPlain    = "text/plain"
+	MIMEPOSTForm = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
 )
 
 type (
 	HandlerFunc func(*Context)
 
-	H map[string]interface{}
-
-	// Used internally to collect errors that occurred during an http request.
-	ErrorMsg struct {
-		Err  string      `json:"error"`
-		Meta interface{} `json:"meta"`
-	}
-
-	ErrorMsgs []ErrorMsg
-
-	Config struct {
-		CacheSize    int
-		Preallocated int
-	}
-
-	// Context is the most important part of gin. It allows us to pass variables between middleware,
-	// manage the flow, validate the JSON of a request and render a JSON response for example.
-	Context struct {
-		Req      *http.Request
-		Writer   ResponseWriter
-		Keys     map[string]interface{}
-		Errors   ErrorMsgs
-		Params   httprouter.Params
-		Engine   *Engine
-		handlers []HandlerFunc
-		index    int8
-	}
-
 	// Used internally to configure router, a RouterGroup is associated with a prefix
 	// and an array of handlers (middlewares)
 	RouterGroup struct {
@@ -61,52 +35,39 @@ type (
 	// Represents the web framework, it wraps the blazing fast httprouter multiplexer and a list of global middlewares.
 	Engine struct {
 		*RouterGroup
-		HTMLTemplates *template.Template
-		cache         chan *Context
-		handlers404   []HandlerFunc
-		router        *httprouter.Router
+		HTMLRender   render.Render
+		cache        sync.Pool
+		finalNoRoute []HandlerFunc
+		noRoute      []HandlerFunc
+		router       *httprouter.Router
 	}
 )
 
-func (a ErrorMsgs) String() string {
-	var buffer bytes.Buffer
-	for i, msg := range a {
-		text := fmt.Sprintf("Error #%02d: %s \n     Meta: %v\n", (i + 1), msg.Err, msg.Meta)
-		buffer.WriteString(text)
+func (engine *Engine) handle404(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+	c := engine.createContext(w, req, nil, engine.finalNoRoute)
+	c.Writer.setStatus(404)
+	c.Next()
+	if !c.Writer.Written() {
+		c.Data(404, MIMEPlain, []byte("404 page not found"))
 	}
-	buffer.WriteString("\n")
-	return buffer.String()
+	engine.cache.Put(c)
 }
 
-func NewWithConfig(config Config) *Engine {
-	if config.CacheSize < 2 {
-		panic("CacheSize must be at least 2")
-	}
-	if config.Preallocated > config.CacheSize {
-		panic("Preallocated must be less or equal to CacheSize")
-	}
+// Returns a new blank Engine instance without any middleware attached.
+// The most basic configuration
+func New() *Engine {
 	engine := &Engine{}
 	engine.RouterGroup = &RouterGroup{nil, "/", nil, engine}
 	engine.router = httprouter.New()
 	engine.router.NotFound = engine.handle404
-	engine.cache = make(chan *Context, config.CacheSize)
-
-	// Fill it with empty contexts
-	for i := 0; i < config.Preallocated; i++ {
-		engine.cache <- &Context{Engine: engine, Writer: &responseWriter{}}
+	engine.cache.New = func() interface{} {
+		c := &Context{Engine: engine}
+		c.Writer = &c.writermem
+		return c
 	}
 	return engine
 }
 
-// Returns a new blank Engine instance without any middleware attached.
-// The most basic configuration
-func New() *Engine {
-	return NewWithConfig(Config{
-		CacheSize:    1024,
-		Preallocated: 512,
-	})
-}
-
 // Returns a Engine instance with the Logger and Recovery already attached.
 func Default() *Engine {
 	engine := New()
@@ -114,42 +75,31 @@ func Default() *Engine {
 	return engine
 }
 
-func (engine *Engine) LoadHTMLTemplates(pattern string) {
-	engine.HTMLTemplates = template.Must(template.ParseGlob(pattern))
+func (engine *Engine) LoadHTMLGlob(pattern string) {
+	templ := template.Must(template.ParseGlob(pattern))
+	engine.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
 }
 
-// Adds handlers for NotFound. It return a 404 code by default.
-func (engine *Engine) NotFound404(handlers ...HandlerFunc) {
-	engine.handlers404 = handlers
+func (engine *Engine) LoadHTMLFiles(files ...string) {
+	templ := template.Must(template.ParseFiles(files...))
+	engine.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
 }
 
-func (engine *Engine) CacheStress() float32 {
-	return 1.0 - float32(len(engine.cache))/float32(cap(engine.cache))
+func (engine *Engine) SetHTMLTemplate(templ *template.Template) {
+	engine.HTMLRender = render.HTMLRender{
+		Template: templ,
+	}
 }
 
-func (engine *Engine) handle404(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-	handlers := engine.combineHandlers(engine.handlers404)
-	c := engine.createContext(w, req, nil, handlers)
-	c.Writer.setStatus(404)
-	c.Next()
-	if !c.Writer.Written() {
-		c.String(404, "404 page not found")
-	}
-	engine.reuseContext(c)
+// Adds handlers for NoRoute. It return a 404 code by default.
+func (engine *Engine) NoRoute(handlers ...HandlerFunc) {
+	engine.noRoute = handlers
+	engine.finalNoRoute = engine.combineHandlers(engine.noRoute)
 }
 
-// ServeFiles serves files from the given file system root.
-// The path must end with "/*filepath", files are then served from the local
-// path /defined/root/dir/*filepath.
-// For example if root is "/etc" and *filepath is "passwd", the local file
-// "/etc/passwd" would be served.
-// Internally a http.FileServer is used, therefore http.NotFound is used instead
-// of the Router's NotFound handler.
-// To use the operating system's file system implementation,
-// use http.Dir:
-//     router.ServeFiles("/src/*filepath", http.Dir("/var/www"))
-func (engine *Engine) ServeFiles(path string, root http.FileSystem) {
-	engine.router.ServeFiles(path, root)
+func (engine *Engine) Use(middlewares ...HandlerFunc) {
+	engine.RouterGroup.Use(middlewares...)
+	engine.finalNoRoute = engine.combineHandlers(engine.noRoute)
 }
 
 // ServeHTTP makes the router implement the http.Handler interface.
@@ -163,38 +113,15 @@ func (engine *Engine) Run(addr string) {
 	}
 }
 
-/************************************/
-/********** ROUTES GROUPING *********/
-/************************************/
-
-func (engine *Engine) createContext(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params, handlers []HandlerFunc) *Context {
-	select {
-	case c := <-engine.cache:
-		c.Writer.reset(w)
-		c.Req = req
-		c.Params = params
-		c.handlers = handlers
-		c.Keys = nil
-		c.index = -1
-		return c
-	default:
-		return &Context{
-			Writer:   &responseWriter{w, -1, false},
-			Req:      req,
-			Params:   params,
-			handlers: handlers,
-			index:    -1,
-			Engine:   engine,
-		}
+func (engine *Engine) RunTLS(addr string, cert string, key string) {
+	if err := http.ListenAndServeTLS(addr, cert, key, engine); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
 	}
 }
 
-func (engine *Engine) reuseContext(c *Context) {
-	select {
-	case engine.cache <- c:
-	default:
-	}
-}
+/************************************/
+/********** ROUTES GROUPING *********/
+/************************************/
 
 // Adds middlewares to the group, see example code in github.
 func (group *RouterGroup) Use(middlewares ...HandlerFunc) {
@@ -204,7 +131,8 @@ func (group *RouterGroup) Use(middlewares ...HandlerFunc) {
 // Creates a new router group. You should add all the routes that have common middlwares or the same path prefix.
 // For example, all the routes that use a common middlware for authorization could be grouped.
 func (group *RouterGroup) Group(component string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) *RouterGroup {
-	prefix := path.Join(group.prefix, component)
+	prefix := group.pathFor(component)
+
 	return &RouterGroup{
 		Handlers: group.combineHandlers(handlers),
 		parent:   group,
@@ -213,6 +141,15 @@ func (group *RouterGroup) Group(component string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) *Rout
 	}
 }
 
+func (group *RouterGroup) pathFor(p string) string {
+	joined := path.Join(group.prefix, p)
+	// Append a '/' if the last component had one, but only if it's not there already
+	if len(p) > 0 && p[len(p)-1] == '/' && joined[len(joined)-1] != '/' {
+		return joined + "/"
+	}
+	return joined
+}
+
 // Handle registers a new request handle and middlewares with the given path and method.
 // The last handler should be the real handler, the other ones should be middlewares that can and should be shared among different routes.
 // See the example code in github.
@@ -224,12 +161,12 @@ func (group *RouterGroup) Group(component string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) *Rout
 // frequently used, non-standardized or custom methods (e.g. for internal
 // communication with a proxy).
 func (group *RouterGroup) Handle(method, p string, handlers []HandlerFunc) {
-	p = path.Join(group.prefix, p)
+	p = group.pathFor(p)
 	handlers = group.combineHandlers(handlers)
 	group.engine.router.Handle(method, p, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, params httprouter.Params) {
 		c := group.engine.createContext(w, req, params, handlers)
 		c.Next()
-		group.engine.reuseContext(c)
+		group.engine.cache.Put(c)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -268,6 +205,24 @@ func (group *RouterGroup) HEAD(path string, handlers ...HandlerFunc) {
 	group.Handle("HEAD", path, handlers)
 }
 
+// Static serves files from the given file system root.
+// Internally a http.FileServer is used, therefore http.NotFound is used instead
+// of the Router's NotFound handler.
+// To use the operating system's file system implementation,
+// use :
+//     router.Static("/static", "/var/www")
+func (group *RouterGroup) Static(p, root string) {
+	prefix := group.pathFor(p)
+	p = path.Join(p, "/*filepath")
+	fileServer := http.StripPrefix(prefix, http.FileServer(http.Dir(root)))
+	group.GET(p, func(c *Context) {
+		fileServer.ServeHTTP(c.Writer, c.Request)
+	})
+	group.HEAD(p, func(c *Context) {
+		fileServer.ServeHTTP(c.Writer, c.Request)
+	})
+}
+
 func (group *RouterGroup) combineHandlers(handlers []HandlerFunc) []HandlerFunc {
 	s := len(group.Handlers) + len(handlers)
 	h := make([]HandlerFunc, 0, s)
@@ -275,177 +230,3 @@ func (group *RouterGroup) combineHandlers(handlers []HandlerFunc) []HandlerFunc
 	h = append(h, handlers...)
 	return h
 }
-
-/************************************/
-/****** FLOW AND ERROR MANAGEMENT****/
-/************************************/
-
-func (c *Context) Copy() *Context {
-	var cp Context = *c
-	cp.index = AbortIndex
-	cp.handlers = nil
-	return &cp
-}
-
-// Next should be used only in the middlewares.
-// It executes the pending handlers in the chain inside the calling handler.
-// See example in github.
-func (c *Context) Next() {
-	c.index++
-	s := int8(len(c.handlers))
-	for ; c.index < s; c.index++ {
-		c.handlers[c.index](c)
-	}
-}
-
-// Forces the system to do not continue calling the pending handlers.
-// For example, the first handler checks if the request is authorized. If it's not, context.Abort(401) should be called.
-// The rest of pending handlers would never be called for that request.
-func (c *Context) Abort(code int) {
-	if code >= 0 {
-		c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
-	}
-	c.index = AbortIndex
-}
-
-// Fail is the same as Abort plus an error message.
-// Calling `context.Fail(500, err)` is equivalent to:
-// ```
-// context.Error("Operation aborted", err)
-// context.Abort(500)
-// ```
-func (c *Context) Fail(code int, err error) {
-	c.Error(err, "Operation aborted")
-	c.Abort(code)
-}
-
-// Attaches an error to the current context. The error is pushed to a list of errors.
-// It's a good idea to call Error for each error that occurred during the resolution of a request.
-// A middleware can be used to collect all the errors and push them to a database together, print a log, or append it in the HTTP response.
-func (c *Context) Error(err error, meta interface{}) {
-	c.Errors = append(c.Errors, ErrorMsg{
-		Err:  err.Error(),
-		Meta: meta,
-	})
-}
-
-func (c *Context) LastError() error {
-	s := len(c.Errors)
-	if s > 0 {
-		return errors.New(c.Errors[s-1].Err)
-	} else {
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-/************************************/
-/******** METADATA MANAGEMENT********/
-/************************************/
-
-// Sets a new pair key/value just for the specified context.
-// It also lazy initializes the hashmap.
-func (c *Context) Set(key string, item interface{}) {
-	if c.Keys == nil {
-		c.Keys = make(map[string]interface{})
-	}
-	c.Keys[key] = item
-}
-
-// Returns the value for the given key.
-// It panics if the value doesn't exist.
-func (c *Context) Get(key string) interface{} {
-	var ok bool
-	var item interface{}
-	if c.Keys != nil {
-		item, ok = c.Keys[key]
-	} else {
-		item, ok = nil, false
-	}
-	if !ok || item == nil {
-		log.Panicf("Key %s doesn't exist", key)
-	}
-	return item
-}
-
-/************************************/
-/******** ENCOGING MANAGEMENT********/
-/************************************/
-
-// Like ParseBody() but this method also writes a 400 error if the json is not valid.
-func (c *Context) EnsureBody(item interface{}) bool {
-	if err := c.ParseBody(item); err != nil {
-		c.Fail(400, err)
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-// Parses the body content as a JSON input. It decodes the json payload into the struct specified as a pointer.
-func (c *Context) ParseBody(item interface{}) error {
-	decoder := json.NewDecoder(c.Req.Body)
-	if err := decoder.Decode(&item); err == nil {
-		return Validate(c, item)
-	} else {
-		return err
-	}
-}
-
-// Serializes the given struct as JSON into the response body in a fast and efficient way.
-// It also sets the Content-Type as "application/json".
-func (c *Context) JSON(code int, obj interface{}) {
-	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	if code >= 0 {
-		c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
-	}
-	encoder := json.NewEncoder(c.Writer)
-	if err := encoder.Encode(obj); err != nil {
-		c.Error(err, obj)
-		http.Error(c.Writer, err.Error(), 500)
-	}
-}
-
-// Serializes the given struct as XML into the response body in a fast and efficient way.
-// It also sets the Content-Type as "application/xml".
-func (c *Context) XML(code int, obj interface{}) {
-	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/xml")
-	if code >= 0 {
-		c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
-	}
-	encoder := xml.NewEncoder(c.Writer)
-	if err := encoder.Encode(obj); err != nil {
-		c.Error(err, obj)
-		http.Error(c.Writer, err.Error(), 500)
-	}
-}
-
-// Renders the HTTP template specified by its file name.
-// It also updates the HTTP code and sets the Content-Type as "text/html".
-// See http://golang.org/doc/articles/wiki/
-func (c *Context) HTML(code int, name string, data interface{}) {
-	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html")
-	if code >= 0 {
-		c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
-	}
-	if err := c.Engine.HTMLTemplates.ExecuteTemplate(c.Writer, name, data); err != nil {
-		c.Error(err, map[string]interface{}{
-			"name": name,
-			"data": data,
-		})
-		http.Error(c.Writer, err.Error(), 500)
-	}
-}
-
-// Writes the given string into the response body and sets the Content-Type to "text/plain".
-func (c *Context) String(code int, msg string) {
-	if code >= 0 {
-		c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
-	}
-	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain")
-	c.Writer.Write([]byte(msg))
-}
-
-// Writes some data into the body stream and updates the HTTP code.
-func (c *Context) Data(code int, data []byte) {
-	c.Writer.WriteHeader(code)
-	c.Writer.Write(data)
-}

gin_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"html/template"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
@@ -230,7 +231,11 @@ func TestContextSetGet(t *testing.T) {
 		// Set
 		c.Set("foo", "bar")
 
-		if v := c.Get("foo"); v != "bar" {
+		v, err := c.Get("foo")
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Error on exist key")
+		}
+		if v != "bar" {
 			t.Errorf("Value should be bar, was %s", v)
 		}
 	})
@@ -267,7 +272,8 @@ func TestContextHTML(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 
 	r := Default()
-	r.HTMLTemplates = template.Must(template.New("t").Parse(`Hello {{.Name}}`))
+	templ, _ := template.New("t").Parse(`Hello {{.Name}}`)
+	r.SetHTMLTemplate(templ)
 
 	type TestData struct{ Name string }
 
@@ -329,7 +335,7 @@ func TestHandleStaticFile(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 
 	r := Default()
-	r.ServeFiles("/*filepath", http.Dir("./"))
+	r.Static("./", testRoot)
 
 	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
 
@@ -354,7 +360,7 @@ func TestHandleStaticDir(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 
 	r := Default()
-	r.ServeFiles("/*filepath", http.Dir("./"))
+	r.Static("/", "./")
 
 	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
 
@@ -376,3 +382,159 @@ func TestHandleStaticDir(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be text/plain, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
 	}
 }
+
+// TestHandleHeadToDir - ensure the root/sub dir handles properly
+func TestHandleHeadToDir(t *testing.T) {
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("HEAD", "/", nil)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	r := Default()
+	r.Static("/", "./")
+
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != 200 {
+		t.Errorf("Response code should be Ok, was: %s", w.Code)
+	}
+
+	bodyAsString := w.Body.String()
+
+	if len(bodyAsString) == 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Got empty body instead of file tree")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(bodyAsString, "gin.go") {
+		t.Errorf("Can't find:`gin.go` in file tree: %s", bodyAsString)
+	}
+
+	if w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type") != "text/html; charset=utf-8" {
+		t.Errorf("Content-Type should be text/plain, was %s", w.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHandlerFunc - ensure that custom middleware works properly
+func TestHandlerFunc(t *testing.T) {
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	r := Default()
+	var stepsPassed int = 0
+
+	r.Use(func(context *Context) {
+		stepsPassed += 1
+		context.Next()
+		stepsPassed += 1
+	})
+
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != 404 {
+		t.Errorf("Response code should be Not found, was: %s", w.Code)
+	}
+
+	if stepsPassed != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("Falied to switch context in handler function: %s", stepsPassed)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBadAbortHandlersChain - ensure that Abort after switch context will not interrupt pending handlers
+func TestBadAbortHandlersChain(t *testing.T) {
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	r := Default()
+	var stepsPassed int = 0
+
+	r.Use(func(context *Context) {
+		stepsPassed += 1
+		context.Next()
+		stepsPassed += 1
+		// after check and abort
+		context.Abort(409)
+	},
+		func(context *Context) {
+			stepsPassed += 1
+			context.Next()
+			stepsPassed += 1
+			context.Abort(403)
+		},
+	)
+
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != 403 {
+		t.Errorf("Response code should be Forbiden, was: %s", w.Code)
+	}
+
+	if stepsPassed != 4 {
+		t.Errorf("Falied to switch context in handler function: %s", stepsPassed)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAbortHandlersChain - ensure that Abort interrupt used middlewares in fifo order
+func TestAbortHandlersChain(t *testing.T) {
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	r := Default()
+	var stepsPassed int = 0
+
+	r.Use(func(context *Context) {
+		stepsPassed += 1
+		context.Abort(409)
+	},
+		func(context *Context) {
+			stepsPassed += 1
+			context.Next()
+			stepsPassed += 1
+		},
+	)
+
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != 409 {
+		t.Errorf("Response code should be Conflict, was: %s", w.Code)
+	}
+
+	if stepsPassed != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Falied to switch context in handler function: %s", stepsPassed)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFailHandlersChain - ensure that Fail interrupt used middlewares in fifo order as
+// as well as Abort
+func TestFailHandlersChain(t *testing.T) {
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	r := Default()
+	var stepsPassed int = 0
+
+	r.Use(func(context *Context) {
+		stepsPassed += 1
+
+		context.Fail(500, errors.New("foo"))
+	},
+		func(context *Context) {
+			stepsPassed += 1
+			context.Next()
+			stepsPassed += 1
+		},
+	)
+
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != 500 {
+		t.Errorf("Response code should be Server error, was: %s", w.Code)
+	}
+
+	if stepsPassed != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Falied to switch context in handler function: %s", stepsPassed)
+	}
+
+}

logger.go

@@ -1,17 +1,21 @@
 package gin
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"time"
 )
 
 func ErrorLogger() HandlerFunc {
+	return ErrorLoggerT(ErrorTypeAll)
+}
+
+func ErrorLoggerT(typ uint32) HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *Context) {
 		c.Next()
 
-		if len(c.Errors) > 0 {
+		errs := c.Errors.ByType(typ)
+		if len(errs) > 0 {
 			// -1 status code = do not change current one
 			c.JSON(-1, c.Errors)
 		}
@@ -27,7 +31,9 @@ var (
 )
 
 func Logger() HandlerFunc {
-	logger := log.New(os.Stdout, "", 0)
+	stdlogger := log.New(os.Stdout, "", 0)
+	//errlogger := log.New(os.Stderr, "", 0)
+
 	return func(c *Context) {
 		// Start timer
 		start := time.Now()
@@ -35,6 +41,18 @@ func Logger() HandlerFunc {
 		// Process request
 		c.Next()
 
+		// save the IP of the requester
+		requester := c.Request.Header.Get("X-Real-IP")
+		// if the requester-header is empty, check the forwarded-header
+		if requester == "" {
+			requester = c.Request.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For")
+		}
+
+		// if the requester is still empty, use the hard-coded address from the socket
+		if requester == "" {
+			requester = c.Request.RemoteAddr
+		}
+
 		var color string
 		code := c.Writer.Status()
 		switch {
@@ -47,17 +65,15 @@ func Logger() HandlerFunc {
 		default:
 			color = red
 		}
-		latency := time.Since(start)
-		logger.Printf("[GIN] %v |%s %3d %s| %12v | %3s %s\n",
-			time.Now().Format("2006/01/02 - 15:04:05"),
-			color, c.Writer.Status(), reset,
+		end := time.Now()
+		latency := end.Sub(start)
+		stdlogger.Printf("[GIN] %v |%s %3d %s| %12v | %s %4s %s\n%s",
+			end.Format("2006/01/02 - 15:04:05"),
+			color, code, reset,
 			latency,
-			c.Req.Method, c.Req.URL.Path,
+			requester,
+			c.Request.Method, c.Request.URL.Path,
+			c.Errors.String(),
 		)
-
-		// Calculate resolution time
-		if len(c.Errors) > 0 {
-			fmt.Println(c.Errors.String())
-		}
 	}
 }

render/render.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package render
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/xml"
+	"fmt"
+	"html/template"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+type (
+	Render interface {
+		Render(http.ResponseWriter, int, ...interface{}) error
+	}
+
+	// JSON binding
+	jsonRender struct{}
+
+	// XML binding
+	xmlRender struct{}
+
+	// Plain text
+	plainRender struct{}
+
+	// form binding
+	HTMLRender struct {
+		Template *template.Template
+	}
+)
+
+var (
+	JSON  = jsonRender{}
+	XML   = xmlRender{}
+	Plain = plainRender{}
+)
+
+func writeHeader(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, contentType string) {
+	if code >= 0 {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", contentType)
+		w.WriteHeader(code)
+	}
+}
+
+func (_ jsonRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
+	writeHeader(w, code, "application/json")
+	encoder := json.NewEncoder(w)
+	return encoder.Encode(data[0])
+}
+
+func (_ xmlRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
+	writeHeader(w, code, "application/xml")
+	encoder := xml.NewEncoder(w)
+	return encoder.Encode(data[0])
+}
+
+func (html HTMLRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
+	writeHeader(w, code, "text/html")
+	file := data[0].(string)
+	obj := data[1]
+	return html.Template.ExecuteTemplate(w, file, obj)
+}
+
+func (_ plainRender) Render(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, data ...interface{}) error {
+	writeHeader(w, code, "text/plain")
+	format := data[0].(string)
+	args := data[1].([]interface{})
+	var err error
+	if len(args) > 0 {
+		_, err = w.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...)))
+	} else {
+		_, err = w.Write([]byte(format))
+	}
+	return err
+}

response_writer.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ type (
 		Written() bool
 
 		// private
-		reset(http.ResponseWriter)
 		setStatus(int)
 	}
 

utils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package gin
+
+import (
+	"encoding/xml"
+)
+
+type H map[string]interface{}
+
+// Allows type H to be used with xml.Marshal
+func (h H) MarshalXML(e *xml.Encoder, start xml.StartElement) error {
+	start.Name = xml.Name{
+		Space: "",
+		Local: "map",
+	}
+	if err := e.EncodeToken(start); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for key, value := range h {
+		elem := xml.StartElement{
+			Name: xml.Name{Space: "", Local: key},
+			Attr: []xml.Attr{},
+		}
+		if err := e.EncodeElement(value, elem); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if err := e.EncodeToken(xml.EndElement{Name: start.Name}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func filterFlags(content string) string {
+	for i, a := range content {
+		if a == ' ' || a == ';' {
+			return content[:i]
+		}
+	}
+	return content
+}

validation.go

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-package gin
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"reflect"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-func Validate(c *Context, obj interface{}) error {
-
-	var err error
-	typ := reflect.TypeOf(obj)
-	val := reflect.ValueOf(obj)
-
-	if typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
-		typ = typ.Elem()
-		val = val.Elem()
-	}
-
-	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
-		field := typ.Field(i)
-		fieldValue := val.Field(i).Interface()
-		zero := reflect.Zero(field.Type).Interface()
-
-		// Validate nested and embedded structs (if pointer, only do so if not nil)
-		if field.Type.Kind() == reflect.Struct ||
-			(field.Type.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !reflect.DeepEqual(zero, fieldValue)) {
-			err = Validate(c, fieldValue)
-		}
-
-		if strings.Index(field.Tag.Get("binding"), "required") > -1 {
-			if reflect.DeepEqual(zero, fieldValue) {
-				name := field.Name
-				if j := field.Tag.Get("json"); j != "" {
-					name = j
-				} else if f := field.Tag.Get("form"); f != "" {
-					name = f
-				}
-				err = errors.New("Required " + name)
-				c.Error(err, "json validation")
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return err
-}